To what extent can the doctrine of the hypostatical union be traced Essay

To what extent can the doctrine of the hypostatical union be traced back to the teaching and spiritual practice of early Christian church - Essay Example Whereas it might be tempting to assert the fact that the early Christian movement was somehow uneducated or inadequate to discern key levels of philosophical inference, individuals at the forefront of developing Christian theology were oftentimes the most educated members of society of that particular era. Accordingly, rather than delving into a broad discussion of the misunderstandings and disagreements that existed within early Christian thought, this particular analysis will instead focus specifically on the issue of disagreement related to what is known as the hypostatic union which was understood to have been exhibited within the person of Christ as he lived on earth. In simple terms, the hypostatic union denotes the fact that Christ exhibited both a divine and godly nature alongside a human one. Although this is excepted prima fascia among almost all believers of the Christian faith within the current world, it was a great deal of disagreement and argument that existed within t he early church as doctrines were formulated and theology based upon Christ’s nature was defined. In this way, the following analysis will seek to provide and historical overview and prospectus with regard to how these differing approaches ultimately came to be considered as Christian canon throughout the ages. Before delving directly into the issue of a definition of the hypostatic union, it is necessary to appreciate the fact that this particular term did not originate with early Christian doctrine and/or theology. Instead, hypostasis was originally coined by the stoicism movement within ancient Greece; as denoting being of two natures at the same time. As individuals within the Stoic movement sought to incorporate this concept within their daily lives, it was a relevant term that was known among educated individuals within the early Christian

The Negative Causes, effects and sides of Onechild law in China Research Paper

The Negative Causes, effects and sides of Onechild law in China - Research Paper Example cts Negative Population Implications Negative Economic Effects ‘Little emperor syndrome’ – kids spoilt, lack social skills Increased pressure on kids to get good qualifications, well paid jobs, provide for parents in old age Human rights issues and abuses – shouldn’t everyone have the right to have as many kids as they want? Also looking at abuses, e.g. forced sterilisation, abortions, Imbalanced gender ratio = 119.2 boys for every 100 girls – due to abortions of girl pregnancies, abandoning girl babies. Also created ‘bride shortage’ with 10% more men in population than women Current fertility decline now stands at 1.47, below replacement fertility level of 2.1 kids Rapid aging population; Currently 10.5% of population over 65 (was 7.6% 2 decades ago) Set to grow to 15% in 2015, 20% by 2025 and 35% by 2050 4-2-1 problem of supporting elderly relatives – financial problems 1.34 billion Yuan in 1990 spent on government alloca tion for birth control programmes, grew to 4.82billion Yuan by 1998, still increasing now Rural consequences of only having 1 kid - loss of income on farm, labour needed to work on farm/ in agriculture Process Style Outline Negative Effects of China’s One Child Policy Social Effects ‘little emperor syndrome’ Over reliance on children from one child families Human rights violations Effects on China’s Population Structure Gender imbalance ratio – fewer girls – boys valued more, baby girl infant mortality Fertility levels fallen below replacement levels Rapidly aging population Economic Effects Family cost/consequence of only having one child State financial and political costs of administering policy Rural populations – need more kids to help out on farm, agriculture, etc Key Underline Thesis Statement Three decades after its implementation, there is a growing concern amongst researchers and citizens that China’s One Child Policy is having negative effects on Chinese society, its economy and future population trends. It is the aim of this report to discuss the consequences of such an unprecedented policy. ‘China’s One Child Policy was introduced in 1979 by the People’s Republic of China’ (Rosenberg, 2011). It was initially designed as a temporary measure to slow population growth at the start of the Chinese economic reforms (Feng, 2005). This was because China’s population had almost doubled from 563 million in 1950, to one billion by 1980 (Rosenberg, 2010). The policy has resulted in 90% of urban and 60% of rural children having no siblings (Chen, 2000) and China now has one of the lowest fertility rates (1.47 children per couple) in the world (Feng, 2005). According to Li et al (2005), ‘China’s One Child Policy is the largest and most extreme social experiment in population growth control via government intervention in human reproduction history’. Howev er, three decades after its implementation, there is a growing concern amongst researchers and citizens as to the negative effects such a policy has had on Chinese society, its economy and future population structure. It is the aim of this report to discuss the consequences of such an unprecedented policy. There are many negative consequences of China’s One Child Policy relating to the social structure of Chinese society. Chen (2000) believes that ‘

Partnerships in Healthcare

Partnerships in Healthcare The partnership is a formal official arrangement of entities and or individuals to work together. The partnership importantly helps to find the problem and to solve the problems in local communities. So, the partnership can be defined as an arrangement where entities and individuals agree to work together to achieve a common goal. So it is also define as relationship which exists between two or more persons joined to perfume a trade or business. The successful and effective partnership always should have some of the key characteristics. It should have effective vision and leaderships and there should be strong willingness to learn and listen among the partnership. It should have enough resources to succed.other key characteristics can also be the capacity of strangely development, evalution and review of the strategy implemented to successfully work together in partnership. The key elements required for a successful health care partnership are promotion, prevention, cure, support and rehabilitation. Any partnership to be effective interaction at the same time, the partnership in health care should be addressing acceptable and appropriate residents needs. In common practice, the partnership is degree of integration depends on the nature and the purposed aim .the key features are;- 1) Communication;-each involved entity should be well informed about the action. 2) Co-ordination;-the partner can works separate but each others action should always be co-ordinated. 3) Collaboration;-the partner should cohesively work together. 4) Integration;-though they are the partners but they still should work together as one agency. There are different levels of integration of partnership so, the partnership and its continuum differs from individual service user to government level. It also differs from operational through strategic to policy level. The vertical to horizontal integration within or between the same or different agencies and the less integrated partnership through co-ordinated and fully integrated can also be other way of integrating any partnerships to work toward a common motive. The health and social care sector implements different level of integration in partnership. The partnership and its collaboration are highly influenced by the policy. The recent government policys set out by the government for health and social care agencies to work together more effectively in partnership and in collaboration help agencies to bring considerable benefits to services, there users and the wider community. According to search policies the health and social care sectors are required to work in partnership t o address the wider issues of health and social care like poverty, employment, poor housing and poor educational opportunities. So the common agenda of partnership and its collaboration in health and social care is policy driven joined up thinking and joined up working. for example;-a health and social care partnership called every child matters.(DFES2004;9)states that the joint up working enables the progress of improving health of young people in care and educational improvement of young children. So it is a very crucial factor for government and its policy for various organisations to work in partnership to achieve the set slandered and goal. The governments priority becomes organisation, joint of thinking and joint up working .the more and effectively organisation work in partnership, the better the outcome. So it is always an interest of government to set common goals and objectives for partnership. The partnership in health and social care in even more crucial so the government always emphasizes the organisation involved in this sector to work as a team and come as joint up thinking working to serve the community better. The housing, education, family, social care and health are main sectors in which the government has always priorities the effective joint up working and thinking in partnership. TYPES OF PARTNERSHIPS AND OBJECTIVE:- Partnership between two public authorities. Partnership between public authorities and communities. Development partnership. International association partnerships. A partnership is normally associates multi parties involved so it always is;- Multidisciplinary Multiprofessional Multisectoral Multidisciplinary;-a multidisciplinary types of partnership involves various entities from the same sector working independently to achieve a common purpose. In the case of health and social care sector, the nurses,doctors,midwifes,physiotherapists and occupation therapists work together with clients and this sort of partnership is called multidisciplinary partnership. Multiprofessional;-another partnership called multiprofessional in which is many professional like nurses, doctors, and pharmacists etc.work together to achieve some common goals in health and care sectors. Multispectral;-sect oral partnership, many organisations from different sectors of the society work together but independently. For example;-a nurse from a sector of health assists people without basis health factors to know about AIDS, cancer etc.similarly a worker from housing sector helps homeless people to realise the risk of disease as a homeless and assists them accordingly to get some basis housing facilities. In another partnership called inter partnership different entities or organisations work together in a collaborative way for a common purpose. The open referral systems and self referral processes for example;-a telephone health line types of strategies are used in this partnership. The interdisciplinary partnership involves the role definition sessions which means nurses, social workers and housing officers jointly assess the housing requirement of a client and the outcome help for effective housing arrangements. Inter-professional partnerships involve various professional working together by exchanging and sharing information which help them to act. According to clients situation. This partnership involves various stages of interactions. In the case of health and social care, schools teachers from education sector, nurses from health sectors, parents and students as clients from public sector, social workers from assistance in the government sector work together to design various income support programmes to enable kids in school get proper meals, better education and necessary health support. So in summary, if the partnership from different sector of society works separately and indepently achieve a common purpose then it is called multidisciplinary partnership. It involves multisectoral and multiprofessional types of partnerships. If partnership from different sectors of society work interdependently together for a common goal then it becomes interdisciplinary partnership. The interprofessional, intersectoral are its types. We can further categorise, a partnership to intrapartnership which can also be categorised as interdisciplinary and intrasectroal.if entities from or within a same domains work collaboratively for common goal, then it called intra partnership. If the nurses from practice and educational sectors work together to design a programme for new aspiring nursing students for the best opportunity, then it becomes extraprofessional partnership in health and social sector. Similarly if nurses,physiotherapist,pharmaciest,doctors from same health sector work together to develop a programme which will help patients to access health care facilities from home, then its called intra-sectoral partnership. So intradepending working partners from same domains for a common goal has interdisciplinary, intrasecto ral and intraprofessional sub types. CHARACTERISTIC OF PARTNERSHIP:- The common characteristics of any partnership establish common purpose. The definition of partnership should be clear among partners and there should be a respect as a valued partner. The expectation of any partners normally is that every one work as a team and should work towards objectives of the organisation. The information has to be communicated effectively among all the partners involved.so, the partnership to be successful it should have some well defined objective and well strategies .so any types of partnership (separate organisation, virtual organation, co-locating staff from partner organisation and steering group without aedicated staff resources) whichever model it can be, should be capable of communicating and implementing the strategies effectively. The managed clinical networks. Managed care network and obligate network in NHS and social care in Scotland and Wales have been some good practice of effective partnership in health and social care sector in the UK. The obligate networks have been succefully working in the partnership among clinical support networks between rural and remote areas and larger centres. Such partnerships have increased access to care patient safety, and improved working relationship in the areas. For example-mental health, learning disabilities etc.in some specific region of the UK. The lined group of primary, secondary and territory health care professionals have been successfully formed as partners to provide high quality OF clinical networks. These types of networks have reached effectively beyond health sector, even the horizontal integration of various care agencies have been able to provide high quality health and care service by forming managed clinical networks. As the expectation of public is raising and the personal needs are complex, so the health and social care networks in the future will be multi agency collaborations various partner organisation. So, the partnership is always successful and effective if two or more independent bodies work collectively to achieve more effective outcomes then they could have it if worked separately. So, the objectives of a partnership should be:- To improve service and access. To build capacity in public agencies and skills at workplace capacity building. To make the community stronger and more accountable services. To achieve common goals which also enable to achieve individual companies other objective as well. THE BENEFITS OF PARTNERSHIP (IN THE CASE OF NHS SECTOR) The partnership among different stake holder organisation in the NHS helps to serve the partners and communities better with improved services. it helps to provide quality service at effective cost. The management staffs are better prepared to provide quality service and to meet financial challenges. It overall boosts the morale of staffs and increases the motivation. The employee, employer relations are better and the productivity is increased as well. The ability to adapt the changes accordingly. The joint problem solving environment among partners in NHS enables effective use of resources, innovative productivity. The responsibility of NHS sector for health in the community (The healthy community) is broadened which also in proves publics perception. It helps to gain confidence in health related issues to the involved parties. More opportunities are exposed through shared learning. The development of joint health strategies action plans projects provide lots of new opportunities, the knowledge in the organisation is significantly increased. The case study of down south NHS trust. As the case study explains the importance of partnership among parties involve in the down south NHS trust, the trust has significantly developed its partnership and the goals and objectives of the trust is efficiently achieved. The blue start care home has been a successful partner in the care home sector. The partnerships with trade unions, education institution, care home and almost one thousands staffs of different professions have played key role for the down south NHS trust to be successful in the field. Serving more than two and half thousands patients would not have been successful without the efficient and professional partnership among the stakeholders. As it has been under stood that the trust and confidence are very crucial among partners. When information of service users is known among all the staffs of partner organisation it is very upsetting for the parties involved so, the confidence of information, data protection etc becomes key elements among the partners so the management of the NHS trust should take immediate necessary actions for the confidentiality of information handling of service users. As the down town NHS trust has partnership with others organisation (Care centres) to look after people recovering from strike; then main focus is given only on stroke cases which neglects the other problems then stroke. So, the partners of this project should be taught about identifying other serious symptoms of any other disease (Health problem) and referring them to respective authorities. One of the biggest drawbacks in the bigger partnership organisation is the autonomy of different functional bodies in some decision making as the NHS trust has some partner organisations in every project; the staffs are too much dependable in small decision making problems, so these should be some sort of flexibility in the indecency for staffs from unions and managers while making some daily common issues decision. If flexibility in the dependency is decision making is implemented, the down south NHS will perform even better, if the managers have not to be too dependent while following the care plans, the patients would benefit with fast, efficient and cost effective health care solutions. The decision making process is always very cruicial for any organisation. The right decision right reason at right time is key to the success of any strategy. So, down south NHS trust should follow the rules and giddiness set out by the department of health but it should always not be highly influenced by it while making many decisions locally, most of the situation the management should be able to use some common sense to make decision so, it is strongly advisable to follow the basic rules of department of health but at the same time the mutual trust among the partner invoiced in different projects of down south NHS also becomes important for the success of its projects. So, the down south NHS trusts management should always be very careful at handling of confidential information of partner organisations service users. The trust among partners and service users should be one of key priorities of the down south NHS trust. There should be some flexibility for staffs so they do not have to be too much dependable every time with unions and managers for small day to day decision making procedures .The quicker and easier decision making process helps the trust for smooth and efficient operation of its services. So, in order to be any partnership successful, there should be an agreement of necessity of partnership. There should be respect and trust between different interests, the effective management of organisation should take time to build the partnerships for shared agendas. The projects or expected achievement is possible only through responsible partnership, good communication; collaborative decision-making commitment to achieve objectives of the partnership, another key to success of any partnerships is the leadership. The people who are leaders of a partnerships project should be highly respected individuals with strong leaderships and management skills. So, the leadership and senior management in down south NHS trust should always consider above mentioned crucially important elements for the success of partnerships. The history of various organisations working in partnership have succeeded or failed. As the above mentioned points are the key elements for success so any partnership ignoring these facts are failed. Some of the elements responsible for the failure of any partnerships can be the conflicts among many key interests. If one partner dominates or manipulates then also the partnership can be failed. The lack of defined clear purpose, unrealistic goals, unmatched way of working between goals and objectives are also other key points of partnership failure. The lack of effective communication, transparent and trustworthy working environment among partners are other elements of partnership failure. If key interests are missing between partners and if the financial and time commitments outweigh the targeted benefits then also partnerships are deem to failure. So, in summary, the down south NHS trust has lots of commitments in partnership projects and the mechanism cannot be always very smooth in partnership but the trust management should not neglect any elements those may lead to failure of the partnerships. As cure, support, prevention and rehabilitation are the key essentials of health care projects so down south NHS trust should always consider their key objectives in mind to run successfully the partnership projects. The leadership of down south NHS should always think seriously about handling the personal information of service users and maintaining anything related to service users confidential. The flexibility in some common day to day decision making procedures will enhance the productivity and efficiency of the organisation. So, the management at the down south NHS trust should be flexible enough to implement such mechanisms which will increase the life of their partnership projects. If this is the complete assignment, it has not covered all the questions of the assignment and needs more polishing. The last questions of the assignments are not addresses at all. Do the needful.

Gun Control Essay -- Second Amendment The Right To Bear Arms

Since the early days, gun control has been a never-ending debate. It is because of the fast increase in crime, the fight for the right to own a hand gun, the introduction of legislation for gun control in order reduce the crime in the United States, that this issue has been hotly debated in recent years. The streets of America are now a war zone especially right here were we live. ?Florida has the highest crime rate of any state and the sixth highest homicide level?(www.guncite.com). A sad fact but true. Many people feel that gun control violates their right to own a gun the second amendment says so: ?the right to bear arms?. I personally share that point of view for it would not be in the constitution to begin with. However, there is no doubt that something must be done in order to reduce violence and to make America a freer country to live in. I believe that gun control should not take place for it does not reduce crime, it only increases the debates and as an alternative there sho uld be a stronger education. First, gun control does not reduce crime. After doing my research I was impressed to find that guns and violence are not as linked as much as people think they are. Curtis Lovelace confirms that Both Australia and England have already banned personal ownership of guns, but violent crime is not down in either country. In fact, in Australia violent crime is up in every category. From 1997 to 1999, murders were up 6.5%, and attempted murders rose by 12.5%. Increases w...

An Argument Against Gun Control Essay

Gun control has become more and more of a hot-button topic in the United States, especially after events like the Sandy Hook shooting in 2012, when many people questioned the necessity of the second amendment in this day and age. Indeed, upholding the second amendment continues to be a difficult prospect when it does not seem like these guns are being used for good. However, the vast majority of people not only use them responsibly, but also protect themselves and their families, using these guns. For this reason, guns should not be limited by the government. Essentially, the issue of gun control boils down to two primary issues that have been in conflict with each other since the founding of America: freedom vs. security. Anti-gun control advocates insist that their guns are necessary for their own security, but also satisfy the freedom requirement by allowing them to freely practice their second amendment rights. Anti-gun advocates see things differently, however, since, to them, h aving most people in America brandishing a firearm represents a profound security threat to them. However, this security risk that is touted by pro-gun control activists is negated by the need for guns in order to ensure security, and that the odd shooter is a problem with society at large, not the guns themselves. If gun control were in full effect, and it were made illegal to own a firearm, criminals would simply acquire guns illegally, and would virtually have free reign of whoever they wanted to kill, since law-abiding citizens would not have the means to stop them. Evidence of the effectiveness of firearms as a self-defense tool can be seen in numerous studies. For example, according to a study in 2000, an estimated 989,883 U.S. citizens used some form of gun to defend themselves (Agresti and Smith, 2). In addition, in 1993, 3.5% of households had used a firearm to defend themselves â€Å"for self-protection or for the protection of property at home, work, or elsewhere† (Agresti and Smith, 3). These numbers put gun control in a much more positive light, especially from the perspective that they should be used to increase security in an increasingly insecure country. The best way to prevent shooting incidents like the Sandy Hook shooting is not to simply remove all guns, as that will not fix the underlying problem, but to focus on rehabilitating people who either have had violent tendencies in the past, or  exhibit symptoms that are consistent with mass shooters. Those who support gun control see each person in possession of a firearm, especially those with a concealed weapons license, as another potential Sandy Hook or Virginia State shooting just waiting to happen. That is a valid claim, since the potential is certainly there. The argument that â€Å"people don’t kill people, guns kill people† is another popular quote heard in the pro-gun control community, and while it has some merit, it requires some closer examination in order to determine the validity of the statement. While it is certainly true that a gun has the potential to kill someone, it is only a tool. The bigger issue when it comes to violent crimes, especially gun-crimes, is the individual behind the gun. To this end, one of the most effective solutions to the problem of gun violence in this country is to fix the underlying problem, not to simply take away the guns, because that would only invite more violence, especially from the more hardcore gun activists. And, of course, many deaths and injuries from violent crime come from firearms. For example, in 1996, 65 percent of all murders between spouses were performed with a firearm (Rand, 3). This is where the concept of firearms as a tool comes into play. A criminal who was determined to commit a crime would likely commit the same crime, regardless of whether or not firearms were allowed. Limiting firearms only succeeds in making everybody a potential helpless victim in the event of a shooting. In order to understand how firearms actually work as a deterrent to gun crime, it is necessary to understand that those who use guns for violent purposes (i.e. not in self defense) should be grouped into a different section than those who only use firearms for sport and self-defense. This has actually been done before, and refers to two types of gun ownership: criminal gun ownership and non-criminal gun ownership. For instance, a study taken in 1995 showed that â€Å"Where non criminal gun-ownership is higher, criminal gun ownership is also higher; and where criminal gun ownership is higher, the percent of crimes which are committed with guns is higher† (Squires, 197). Essentially, this means that guns beget more guns, which, in turn, beget more violence, or at least that is what this study shows. However, the issue is a little more complicated than that. For instance, many areas of the nation are simply violent by virtue of their inhabitants, and, even if guns were outlawed, they would still fight amongst themselves using whatever weapons are  available. In addition, it is possible that many who live in these areas with large amounts of violence actually purchased guns themselves for the sole purpose of self defense, so that if they themselves were attacked by an assailant using a gun, they would not be completely helpless. Although firearms work well as a way to protect oneself, they also act as a threat of immediate vengeance by the victim, assuming the victim is in possession of a firearm. â€Å"A study showed that, in a survey of male felons in 11 state prisons, 34% had been â€Å"scared off, shot at, wounded, or captured by an armed victi m,† while 40% said they decided not to commit a crime because they knew or believed that the victim was carrying a gun, and 69% said they knew of another criminal who had not committed a crime because the victim had a firearm† (Agresti and Smith, 6). This helps to show what gun-advocates call the brighter side of the gun-control debate: that guns can, and oftentimes are, used as a self defense or deterrence measure, rather than a pure instrument of violence. This theory seems to hold some water, since a study shows that, in 1988, only about 30% of citizens owned guns. Yet, in 1996, that number had increased to 50% (Lott, 38). In 2004, that number remained steady. The interesting thing about these figures is that violent crime in America has actually been decreasing at a slow rate. While it would be foolish to blame this entirely on guns, it is a good indicator that guns at least function, on some level, as a deterrent and personal defense tool. The only problem, of course, stems from the fact that criminals have guns as well, but allowing virtually anyone to own a gun levels the playing field to an extent. If guns were totally outlawed, encounters would be much more one-sided, as criminals could attack citizens with little to no fear of immediate reprisal on the part of the victim. Gun control is a fairly black-and-white issue, yet seems to only have extremists on one side or the other. While it would be easy to simply dismiss all pro-gun control arguments, they do have some merit. For this reason, there must be consolations made in order to make guns a little bit safer for everybody. The best way to deal with this issue is continue allowing citizens to use firearms, but perhaps limit access to guns in order to ensure safety for the greatest number of people. Allowing firearms if the gun user registers and carries a permit for the firearm would help to reduce the number of homicides with firearms, if not as many people have them. Each action has  its own drawbacks, however, and it is important to understand that, especially for this issue, which has undergone something of a deadlock in the recent past. Freedom and security should be balanced in equal measure, and it is important to come up with solutions to this issue with that in mind. Works Cited Agresti, James D., and Reid K. Smith. â€Å"Gun Control Facts.† Just Facts (2008). 2-3 Lott, John R. More guns, less crime: Understanding crime and gun control laws. University of Chicago Press, 2013. 37-38 Rand, Michael R., et al. â€Å"Violence by intimates: Analysis of data on crimes by current or former spouses, boyfriends, and girlfriends.† (1998): 1-30. Squires, Peter. Gun Culture Or Gun Control?: Firearms and Violence: Safety and Society. Routledge, 2002. p.197

Leadership Skills Essay

Introduction Leaders have difficult getting relevant feedback, especially when operating in powerful positions in an organization. Often times leaders need feedback more than others do. If leaders do not receive feedback, they will not learn from their leadership experiences. Creating opportunities to get feedback is critical especially with regard to feedback from individuals working for them (Curphy, Ginnett, & Hughes, 2009). When it comes to open door policy leaders should not think they have open request for feedback. The oversight frequently made by leaders is assuming that other recognize them open to discussing things just because they are open to discussing things (Curphy, Ginnett, & Hughes, 2009). Leadership skills can be look at as competencies that has learned and developed for an effective leadership. From the basis of people skills, a leader skill approach is as an extension to leadership traits, given that traits focuses on the character risks of a leader and to large extent (Curphy , Ginnett, & Hughes, 2009). Leader’s obligations are not determined on observations of what leaders do, but on what goals they anticipated to achieve. Researchers have focused on the personality, physical traits, and behaviors of the leader. Some have studied the relationships between leaders and followers. Others have studied how aspects of the situation affect the ways leaders act. Latter viewpoint suggest there is no such thing as leadership; there have been arguments that organizational successes and failures frequently get falsely attributed to the leader, nevertheless, situation seem to have a much better impact on how the organization functions than does any individual, as well as the leader (Curphy, Ginnett, & Hughes, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to explain how leadership skills are necessary for an individual to be an effective leader. In addition, discuss how these leadership skills will lead to technical competence by a leader. Evaluate the skills against my own skills. Develop a plan detailing how I will acquire and or strengthen these skills as I progress in my future. Leadership Curphy, Ginnett, & Hughes defined leadership as â€Å"the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals† (2009, p. 6). Curphy, Ginnett, & Hughes say a way to understand the complexities of leadership is to see some other ways leadership is define: †¢Directing and coordinating the work of group members †¢An interpersonal relation in which others comply because they want to, not because they have to. †¢The process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals. Some definitions hold opposing views in numerous ways, and have resulted in various researches explore very different aspects of leadership. Researchers who define leadership as influencing an organized group toward accomplishing its goals would examine how Parrado managed to convince the group to stage and support the final expedition Curphy, Ginnett, & Hughes (2009, p.4-5). Concepts of Leadership Process leadership is carry out by applying leader’s knowledge and skills. However, leader traits can influence others actions. This is call trait leadership, leaders were believe to born rather than made (Jago, 1982). Three Leadership Skills To be a sufficient leader countless qualities and skills are need. Nevertheless, there are nine essential traits or abilities reveal leaders from followers and they include someone who has influential, prioritized, integrative, a creator positive change, a problem solver, able to maintain good attitude, able to work with people, a visioning person, and be self-disciplined. I will only talk about three of the nine (Gupta, 2009). First, influence is important because in order to obtain followers you have to have the influence ability. Effective leaders have to understand what type of leader they are. According to the writer, there are five levels of leadership. Level one uses their title or position to lead. This level is the slightest effective because people follow you because they have to. Level two gets people to work for them that are not required to do so (Gupta, 2009). This level is lead by interrelationships in which each person or thing depends on or is affected by the others and at this level people will follow because they want to. Level three makes results and transform take place. At this level, individuals follow you based on what you have done for the organization. Level four empowers and motivates others as well  as themselves. At this level, individuals follow leaders based on what you have done for them. Level five is where leaders have proven themselves a true leader over the years. At this level, individuals follow because of who you are and what you represent. When influencing others its good to know where you stand in leadership the higher up the ladder you go, the longer it takes to go to the next level (Gupta, 2009). Second, integrity is an important trait in order to run a business leader to be complete and unified and employees should on the same page. Integrity is who leaders are and who leaders are determines what they do. When leaders can be depend on by others, with confidence and trust they will have in their vision, and this allows them to influence their lives. Integrity secret is growing and moving. Leaders need to exhibit: honesty, fulfillment, vision, and inspiration to get them to believe and trust in the decisions they make for the business (Gupta, 2009). Third, problem solving is important in a leader because problems are on going. Leaders’ responsibility is to correct the problem as effectively as possible. Perspective is something leaders have to change however, not their problem. Leaders need to understand they cannot choose their problem but their attitude towards solving the can be change. Leaders need to recognize a problem before it gets bigger and keep an eye out for signs of any up coming ordeal and fix it. For a problem to be, fix a leader need to define the problem. After the leader recognize the problem the best possible out come should be lastly, form principles and polices to prevent the problem form requiring (Gupta, 2009). As I progress in my future, I would strengthen these skills with the Hogan and Warrenfelz domain model watch allows me to see connections between seemingly different organizational competency models and make predictions about how easy or complex it will be to change a mixture of leadership behaviors and skills. The Hogan and Warrenfelz model will also point out what behaviors I will need to exhibit in order to build my team as well as get results through others Curphy, Ginnett, & Hughes (2009, p. 273-274). In closing, leadership qualities include several of the diverse skills and the qualities. Leadership skills are necessary for any interested individuals to succeed. Leadership skills take time, energy and commitment. Leaders become the best leader they can become, all the traits and skills need to be practice and applied to ones life. Leaders are needed without there dreams of a better  world and drive to succeed. Being influential, a problem solver and integrative will bring out the leader within a person allow them to become successful, and allow them to touch others lives. Reference Gupta, A. (2009, March 2). Leadership Skills [Part2 Leadership Skills Assignment]. Retrieved July 18, 2011, from http://www.practical-management.com Hughes, R.L. & Ginnett, R.C. & Curphy, G.J. (2009). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Jago, A. G. (1982). Leadership: Perspectives in Theory and Research. Management Science, 28(3), 315-336. Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (1987). The Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.