The Mammy

Mammies, Matriarchs and Other Controlling Images Patricia Hill Collins: Black Feminist Thought Chapter Main Concepts: – As it relates to African-American women, the intersecting oppressions of race, class, gender and sexuality could not continue without powerful ideological justifications for their existence, which is perpetuated through controlling images. – Controlling societal images is one of the many powers held by the dominant group (white males) in the U. S. to manipulate ideas about black womanhood. Through the perpetuation of these controlling images of the black woman as the mammy, matriarch, welfare queen, jezebel/hoochie and black lady, black women become objects instead of subjects ? i. e. domestic workers are often referred to as â€Å"work mules/animals† or â€Å"girl† – Like other people of color and subordinate groups, black women are seen as the â€Å"other† in our society. By not belonging, black women emphasize the signifi cance of belonging. ? Black feminist thought derives from this kind of thinking, as a means to resist these controlling images.Black women insist on the right to establish and define their own reality Controlling Images and Black Women’s Oppression – During this slavery era images of black women were socially constructed to maintain their subordination – Unlike Black women, white women were encouraged to possess four cardinal virtues: piety, purity, submissiveness and domesticity ? Mammy: – Asexual, faithful, obedient domestic servant; yardstick used to measure all black women behavior – Image aims to influence maternal behavior; raises children to know place in society Matriarch: – Spends too much time out the home working; overly the aggressive; emasculates husbands and lovers; unfeminine. Unlike mammy, she is the â€Å"bad† black mother – Introduced in a government report on Black poverty in 1965 called the Negro Family: The Case for National Action (Moynihan report) ? The report blamed black mothers for their children's failures; working lead to a lack of attention and care; delinquency; Further asserts that slavery destroyed black families by reversing roles of men and women Black backlash- Diverts attention from the reality of political and economic inequalities that shape black children experiences ? Welfare Queen: – Makes use of social welfare benefits to which they are entitled by law; Lazy; fails to pass on work ethic; alone; updated version of â€Å"breeder woman† during slavery – This image provides justification for the efforts to control black women’s fertility to the needs of a changing economy ? i. e. during slavery children were valued as property the more slave children you have the more assets you have After WWII black women and their children seen as a economical liability – During the 1980s, despite Reagan and the Republicans opposition, Black women and children could not be forced to work, and Black men dropped out of legitimate labor force ? Prison Industrial Complex ? Jezebel/ Hoochie: – Represents a deviant black female sexuality; originated under slavery to justify the many assaults against slave women by white men ? These women are seen as having a strong sexual appetite which leads to an expected outcome of increased fertility Hoochie unlike the Jezebel is an image accepted by the Black community ? Three types of hoochie: plain, gold digger, hoodrat – Normal female heterosexuality is expressed in terms of true white womanhood unlike the black â€Å"hot momma† – Because of black women sexual appetite is seen as inappropriate or worst, insatiable, black women are characterized as freaks and become stigmatized in society – Black women sexuality and fertility is defined by the dominant group (white men) ? Black Lady: Combination of the mammy and matriarch – Claire Huxtable, The Cosby ShowControlling Images and Social Institutions – Schools, news media and government agencies constitute important sites for reproducing controlling images usually based on the idea of black women having some kind of deviant sexuality ? Social science research; AIDS and teen pregnancy ? Popular culture; Black hip hop music ? Accessibility to birth control measures – Controlling images are also perpetuated in Black institutions ? Family, church and civic organizations are all sites where controlling images of black women are simultaneously resisted and reproduced.Color, Hair Texture and Standards of Beauty – Despite the resistance of Black women to being objected as the â€Å"other†, controlling images still influence their lives, becoming even more visible. They impact how Black women interact with the world ? Speaking standard/proper English somehow makes you less black i. e. â€Å"I never think of you as black†; â€Å"I don’t see race whe n I’m with you† – The binary thinking between Black and white beauty: ? Thin, white, blonde hair and blue eyes are not beautiful without the â€Å"other†, full lips, broad noses, dark skin and kinky hair White skin and straight hair privileges white women by being the standard of beauty; No matter what a Black woman subjective reality is, she’ll never meet the main stream standards of beauty – All women in U. S. are objectified, and their value determined by how they look, but Black is the most â€Å"un-American† Black Women’s Reactions to Controlling Images – Historically African American literature by women writer’s usually provide a comprehensive view of Black women struggles to form positive self-definitions in face inferior images Many fictional characters of Black women have themes of pain, violence and death that make up their lives; experiences of internalized oppression ? These characters use drugs, alcoho l, excessive religion, and even retreat into madness to attempt to escape painful black female realities ? Denial is another response to controlling images; â€Å"I’m not like the rest† – Black female writer’s also document the responses of positive self-definition by Black women ? The Color Purple (the conclusion) ? Waiting to Exhale ? How Stella Got Her Groove Back

Sample of Job Advert, Job Description and Person Specification

Job advert KANE Kane ltd. is a family business company with 8 local outlets for clothing. Aside the 8 outlets, they also have an office in San Gwann. The company is recruiting people as: CUSTOMER CARE OFFICER (REF: 71193) The candidate should have at least 6 O’Levels including Maltese, English and another language, 2 years experience in this job role, be well organised, be responsible, be good to work in a group as well as working on their own, have ECDL, have good communication skills and are willing to work. Good conditions are given to the selected candidate as well as bonuses every June and December.Applicants should send their CV attached with an application letter by not later than 30th December 2012 to: [email  protected] COM or send via mail to: Mr. T. Bajada HR Manager Main Street San Gwann Job description KANE CUSTOMER CARE OFFICER (REF: 71193) The person having this job will have several duties such as taking telephone calls, taking messages, dealing with callers, filing, photocopying, assisting to the customer care co-workers and assistant and report to the customer care manager Mr. J. Schembri. This is a clerical job on level 2 and the selected candidate is to work in the new building in San Gwann.The customer care officer will have responsibilities such as: ? Answering telephone calls ?Taking messages ?Dealing with callers ?Filing ?Photocopying ?Typing reports ?Sending reports to the manager to let him know about complaints ? File reports in appropriate files ?Type, send and receive emails ?And other duties The customer care officer has to work with other customer care officers as well with the customer care manager. The applicant must have O’Level standard of education, preferably Maltese, English and another language and have ECDL.Name of complier: Roxanne Bartolo – HR Assistant Name of approver: Ms. P. Pace – HR manager Date of issue – 3rd December 2012 Person specification KANE CUSTOMER CARE OFFICER (REF: 7 1193) Post title: customer care officer (Ref: 71193) Grade: clerical level 2 Date: 3rd December 2012 CRITERIA ESSENTIAL DESIRABLE Qualifications ?O’Levels – English ? – Maltese ? – Another language ? ?ECDL ? Experience ?2 years experience ? Social aptitudes ?Multi-tasking ? ?Responsible ? ?Typing ? Temperament and personality ?Calm ? ?Smart personality? Personal circumstances ?Fulltime ? ?Can work over time ?

Innovation and Strategic Management Annotated Bibliography.

Innovation and Strategic Management Annotated Bibliography Article One: Innovation and Strategic Management Annotated Bibliography Sà ¡nchez, A., Lago, A., Ferrà  s, X., Ribera, J (2011) Innovation Management Practices, Strategic Adaptation, and Business Results: Evidence from the Electronics Industry. Journal of Technology Management Innovation; 2011, Vol. 6 Issue 2, p14-39. Retrieved from Ebscohost The study in this write up was conducted to carefully evaluate if any; the relationship between bring up new ideas and working guidelines and the benefits to a company down the road. Studies have over time suggested that agencies run under government make efforts to encourage creativity and new†¦show more content†¦It showed that trust, more business links and better understanding of standard principles were fostered by the incorporation of new ideas into any business. Such examples of new ideas had a direct effect on the progress of a business was when Apple produced the iPhone and iPad. The iPhone and iPad gained Apple serious ground in the technology battles that has been raged on in the past decade between Microsoft and itself. Microsoft has once countered with their own tablet with help from companies like Samsung. As technology continues to advance and more companies dive into the technology market, there will be more examples of new ideas that progress the business as whole. All I know is there are many interesting and fascinating ideas still on the rise for consumers and businesses alike. Conclusion From many of these examples and articles, we can gather much information over the relationship between innovation and strategic management. Although, some areas may not be proven in its fullest capacity, there are undoubtedly ways that innovation improved business operations and practices, which can be seen in examples such as Apple, Microsoft, Dominos, and Samsung. On the other hand, not every business incorporating innovation is a success story. In the dynamic days we find ourselves in today, business and organizations are digging deeper into the wells of innovation. We have all come to enjoy the benefits and I am not sure of anyone that would want toShow MoreRelatedMGT411 week2 Annotated Bibliog Essay656 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Annotated Bibliography Gilbert Juarez MGT 411 NOV 18, 2014 Professor Martha Alcala Annotated Bibliography Article One: McConnell, C. R. (2007). The Healthcare Managers Human Resource Handbook (1st ed.). Retrieved from UOPX Although this was a Human Resource Management book the topics related to organizational function that deals with issues related to people such as compensation, hiring, performance management, organization development, safety, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communicationRead MoreThe Chicago School Of Professional Psychology Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesWritten Assignment 4.1: Annotated Bibliography Luis A. Santiago-Gaetan The Chicago School of Professional Psychology Brief Introduction This paper contains a brief annotated bibliography of research articles selected on the specific research topic of the perceived institutional ethical behavior of US-based multinational corporations and its relationship with organizational longevity. Following the five peer-reviewed qualitative research articles. APA Annotation Aleksic, A. (2013). How OrganizationsRead MorePerceived Institutional Ethical Behavior Of Us Based Multinational Corporations And Its Relationship With Organizational Longevity Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesBrief Introduction This paper contains a brief annotated bibliography of research articles selected on the specific research topic of the perceived institutional ethical behavior of US-based multinational corporations and its relationship with organizational longevity. Following the five peer-reviewed qualitative research articles. APA Annotation Aleksic, A. (2013). How Organizations Achieve Longevity: The Role of Change Management in Building Their Sustainability. International journal of the academyRead MoreUnderstanding Nursing Practices: An Assignment1480 Words   |  6 PagesDiffusion of Innovations Theory. HYPERLINK http://www.tcw.utwente.nl/theorieenoverzicht/Theory clusters/Communication and Information http://www.tcw.utwente.nl/theorieenoverzicht/Theory clusters/Communication and Information Technology B: Drack, Manfred. (2007). On the Making of a System Theory of Life: Paul A Weiss and Ludwig von Bertalanffys Conceptual. Vol: 82 iss: 4 pg: 349 -373. The quarterly review of biology [0033-5770] Wonglimpiyarat, Jarunee. (2005). In support of innovation management and RogersRead MoreAllentown (Epd) Case Analysis7182 Words   |  29 Pagesfor EPD, which would improve team work and support the quick decision making capacity required to keep pace with the ever-changing market. 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Through research Six Sigma has been found to be a management methodology which assists businesses in improving their products and processes, and assists in the overall improvement and or success. It is interesting to find out that Six Sigma is a trademark of Motorola Inc., and that Jack Welch utilized SixRead MoreWorkplace Citizenship8908 Words   |  36 PagesAdditional study resources 10 Assignments 11 Overview of assignments 11 Submission of assignments 11 Extensions late submission 12 Grading guidelines 12 Copying plagiarism 13 Assignment 1 – Learning Reflections 14 Assignment 2 – Annotated Bibliography 16 Assignment 3 – PowerPoint Presentation 20 Assignment 4 – Final Essay 22 Your feedback 25 Student Evaluation of Learning and Teaching (SELT) 25 Support services and resources 25 External student information 25 Students with disabilitiesRead MoreInformation Security15951 Words   |  64 Pagesto writing the actual literature review following the theory of argument. What is a Literature Review? Novice researchers tend to approach the literature review as nothing more than a collection of summaries of papers or an elaborated annotated bibliography of multiple research manuscripts (Webster Watson, 2002). A meaningful literature review is much more. Hart (1998) defined the literature review as â€Å"the use of ideas in the literature to justify the particular approach to the topic, the selection

The Storm And The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin - 765 Words

Kate Chopin is an American writer best known for her novels and short stories. She was born February 8, 1850, in St. Louis, Missouri and she died on August 22, 1904, in St. Louis, Missouri. Kate Chopin was a feminist author. She was the author of two short stories, The Story of an Hour, and The Storm. The Story of an Hour published on December 6, 1894 and The Storm published in 1969. The Story of an Hour is a short story about a woman named Louise Mallard who has a heart condition and is unhappy with her marriage. When her sister tells her that her husband is dead, she feels relieved and happy to finally be free. When she finds out he isn’t dead, she’s so shocked that she dies when she sees him walk through the door. The Storm is a short†¦show more content†¦but she behaves immorally. She is a very pretty woman who has a fling with her former lover Alcee while waiting out the storm. Calixta seems to be a good mother and to care for her husband, she just isn’t happy with him. For example, she worries about Bibi and Bobinot’s safety the storm, which proves she cares for them. Yet she finds comfort from her former lover Alcee while worrying about her husband and child. Chopin states â€Å"Alcee’s arm encircled her, and for an instant he dr ew he close and spasmodically to him† (The Storm 2). This proves she must care for her husband, but turns to Alcee when needed comforting. Some similarities of Louise Mallard and Calixta are that they were both in unhappy marriages and longed-for freedom. The two protagonists were free from being housewives and were both finally happy for a brief time. Mrs. Mallard was so unhappy with her husband that she was relieved when she thought her husband had died, because she finally felt free of him. Calixta was so unhappy with her husband Bobinot, that she cheated on him with her former lover Alcee and found a pleasure from Alcee that was missing in her marriage with Bobinot. They also both struggled to find their independence. For example, Calixta went back to her husband and Mrs. Mallard’s husband wasn’t actually dead. Mrs. Mallard died and Calixta stayed with her husband, so their happiness ended quickly. Some differences of Louise Mallard and Calixta is that Louise Mallard felt happy andShow MoreRelatedKate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour And The Storm844 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin’s short stories testify to display to the readers her viewpoints about love, sex and marriage that one is not usually aware of. These three topics all tied together. Typically, it’s easy to think that when you love someone you get married to them. You only commit yourself to them and no one else. Of course not all marriages work out but that’s life. In two particular short stories though, it establishes the struggle for woman around the 1800’s. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The story of an Hour† andRead More Comparison of Ripe Figs, The Story of an Hour, and The Storm by Kate Chopin1074 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of Ripe Figs, The Story of an Hour, and The Storm by Kate Chopin In the three short works, Ripe Figs, The Story of an Hour, and The Storm, Kate Chopin has woven into each an element of nature over which no one has control. She uses short time spans to heighten impact and bring her stories to quick conclusions. She displays attitudes in her characters in two of her stories which may have been very controversial at the time they were written. Ripe Figs is the shorter ofRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin886 Words   |  4 Pages In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the reader is presented with the theme of prohibited independence. In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Storm†, the scenery in this story builds the perfect atmosphere for an adulterous affair. The importance of these stories is to understand the era they occurred. Kate Chopin wrote stories with exceptional openness about sexual desires. In â€Å"The Storm†, a short story written by Kate Chopin in a time when women were expected to act a certain way and sexual cravings was consideredRead MoreThe Storm By Kate Chopin1649 Words   |  7 Pageswriters in present day, Kate Chopin was a writer who wrote to reflect obstacles and instances occurring within her time period. Writing about personal obstacles, as well as issues occurring in the time period she lived, Chopin proved to be distinctive upon using her virtue. Kate Chopin was a determined individual, with true ambition and ability to produce writings that reflected women on a hi gher pedestal than they were valued in her time. â€Å"The Storm† by Kate Chopin is a short story written to provideRead MoreKate Chopin, An American Writer1425 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin, an American writer, known for her vivid portrayals of women’s lives during the late 1800s. Her fiction works usually set in Louisiana, which contributed too much of her description of women’s roles. During Chopin’s time, Louisiana was in the midst of reconstruction and was having racial and economic issues. (Skaggs 4) Louisiana is the setting for many of Chopin’s stories, and they depict a realistic picture of Louisiana society. Kate Chopin published two novels and many short storiesRead MoreHow Did Kate Chopin Influence Literature949 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin’s distinct influence in literature Kate Chopin was an innovative influence for literature in the late 1800’s. Her stories and characters conflicted with the societal norms of inequality towards women. Women in the 1800’s were oppressed, and treated more like property than individuals. Living in the 1800’s as a woman meant they had no rights, or power to create a life of their own. The men, in that period of history, held all prestige positions; therefore, formed all of the laws, and socialRead MoreLeo Haines. Professor Capozzi. Research Paper. April 29,1518 Words   |  7 PagesApril 29, 2017 Kate Chopin Kate Chopin was a famous author of short stories and articles. Kate was born on February 8, 1850, in St. Louis Missouri, and she grew up speaking English and French. After her husband has passed in 1882, and that is when her writing career launched. In most of her novels and stories her characters are bilingual, also known as fluent in two languages. Kate Chopin using the theme of feminism in her stories, â€Å"The Awakening†, â€Å"The Storm†, and â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† where sheRead MoreThe Unique Style Of Kate Chopin s Writing1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe unique style of Kate Chopin’s writing has influenced and paved the way for many female authors. Although not verbally, Kate Chopin aired political and social issues affecting women and challenging the validity of such restrictions through fiction. Kate Chopin, a feminist in her time, prevailed against the notion that a woman’s purpose was to only be a housewife and nothing more. Kate Cho pin fortified the importance of women empowerment, self-expression, self-assertion, and female sexuality throughRead MoreKate Chopin Literary Analysis793 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin was an innovative influence in literature in the late 1800’s. Her stories and characters conflicted with the societal norms of inequality towards women. Women in the 1800’s were oppressed, and treated more like property than individuals. Living in the 1800s as a woman meant they had no rights, or power to create a life of their own. The men, in that period of history, held all prestige positions, and formed the laws, and social norms of that time. Kate Chopin, and other writers of herRead MoreFemale Characters Overthrowing Gender Roles1101 Words   |  5 Pagesthink of. Kate Chopin, a primarily short story writer, does not fall short of this statement. Through her stories, â€Å"The Storm,† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† the women seem to be trapped in confining gende r roles. By the conclusion of each story all the women find a way to challenge their everyday roles and overthrow them in some matter. Although these stories are dissimilar from each other, both show the struggle that women have against one or several antagonists in their lives. Chopin shows hardships

Symbols and Meanings of Steinbecks Of Mice and Men

John Steinbeck’s 1949 novella entitled Of Mice and Men uses many significant symbols to convey meanings about the human condition. Such symbols include hands to represent labour, cards to signify chance and taking a risk, and finally, rabbits to suggest ideas about achieving one’s hopes and dreams. Symbols are a key central device in delivering meaning, as they consistently repeated throughout the narrative and are typically associated with the novella’s many characters. The hand is a significant symbol that recurs throughout the novellas plotline; it comments on the novel’s meanings by suggesting that in order to achieve your hopes and dreams you, you must work hard for it. As each character is introduced Steinbeck makes specific†¦show more content†¦Such symbols include hands to represent labour, cards to signify chance and taking a risk, and finally, rabbits to suggest ideas about achieving one’s hopes and dreams. Symbols are a key central device in delivering meaning, as they consistently repeated throughout the narrative and are typically associated with the novella’s many characters. The hand is a significant symbol that recurs throughout the novellas plotline; it comments on the novel’s meanings by suggesting that in order to achieve your hopes and dreams you, you must work hard for it. As each character is introduced Steinbeck makes specific reference to their hands. This is evident when at the beginning of the narrative when Curley is first introduced – Steinbeck draws attention to the fact that he is wearing a glove. Also, Candy’s â€Å"stump† is often referred throughout the plot. â€Å"Out of the sleeve came a round, stick-like wrist but no hand† (p.20). This links to idea of the human condition because Candy lost his hand operating machinery, working for his hopes and dreams. Also, Curley used to be a boxer and is described as being â€Å"handy† which therefore links to the idea of hard work – an essential part of human nature. John Steinbeck’s 1949 novella entitled Of Mice and Men uses many significant symbols to convey meanings about the human condition. Such symbols include hands to represent labour, cards to signify chance and taking a risk, and finally, rabbits toShow MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men Argumentative Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesEssay Prompt: John Steinbeck’s novel, Of Mice and Men, has a controversial history. It has been repeatedly banned by school boards. Why might this book have been banned? Is such an action justified? In a five-paragraph essay, take a position for or against banning this novel. Use your three body paragraphs to develop each of three reasons for or against banning the novel. The Lost Portion of Human Society Right from the beginning of human civilization, books had become the vital flame that ignitedRead MoreThere Are Many Different Factors That Can Cause Loneliness1715 Words   |  7 Pagesloneliness and isolation in a person’s life. Many of these factors are present throughout Of Mice and Men. The environment and the people who surround that person can really impact the quality of life one lives. Although isolation occurs when a person separates themselves from others physically, a person can also be isolated inside their own minds, even with others around them. In John Steinbeck’s novel, Of Mice and Men, Symbolism, imagery, and tone are used to show how isolation and loneliness shapes theRead MoreAllegories in of Mice and Men1686 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel, ‘Of mice and Men’, John Steinbeck uses allegory to represent different themes and messages. An allegory is a story, poem or a picture which can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning. While r eading Steinbeck’s book I noticed different metaphors such as the usage of animals and Curley’s wife. Throughout the whole book the reader can notice many animals mentioned such as rabbits, mice, the puppy and the old dog. Curley’s wife is also a sort of symbol. She represents the way in whichRead MoreLiterary Comparison of of Mice and Men, the Pearl, and Cannery Row2335 Words   |  10 PagesEnglish II 2 May 2013 I Pledge John Steinbeck’s Literary Style John Steinbeck is an author who wrote in the early 1900s that makes use of setting, characterization, theme, irony, foreshadowing, and symbolism in his many novels. Steinbeck has modeled most of his work off of his own life. His home state, California, has been found to be the setting for some of his novels. Cannery Row, Of Mice and Men, and The Pearl are all novels by John Steinbeck. These novels not only encompass rich sensoryRead MoreGrapes of Wrath essay820 Words   |  4 Pagesnovella Of Mice and Men. Born in Salinas, California in 1902, Steinbeck spent most of his life in Monterey County, the setting of much of his fiction such as the novel Cannery Row, a novel depicting the canning Co in Monterey at the time . He attended Stanford University between 1920-1926. Steinbeck did not graduate from Stanford, but instead chose to support himself through manual labor while writing. Being part of the labor force during this time greatly influence many of his novels. Steinbecks firstRe ad MoreComparing John Steinbeck s Mice And Men And The Grapes Of Wrath1126 Words   |  5 Pagesbooks Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath. His works have been studied and analyzed often because of his unique ability to create symbolism from small amounts of text. â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† is a short story written by John Steinbeck, and was first published in 1939. It tells the story of a woman who feels she is capable of completing any task a man can, but is set back by societal standards. â€Å"The Harness† is another short story written by John Steinbeck which was featured in Steinbeck’s The LongRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1704 Words   |  7 Pages`Of mice and men` is written by John Steinbeck, published in 1937. The novella is a reference to the great depression in California and is set in the 1930’s and portrays the way in which despite the consequences of depressed circumstances, human spirit still survives. During t he aftermath of the great depression, which was a very bad period, men hoped to pick up the shattered pieces of their lives. The author, John Steinbeck, illustrates how people, with the help of friendship of dreams, can prevailRead MoreEssay Symbolism of Loneliness in ‘Of Mice and Men’ by Steinbeck925 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism of Loneliness in ‘Of Mice and Men’ by Steinbeck Steinbeck’s novel ‘of mice and men’ is set in the time of the Great Depression after the stock market crash of 1929. The currency is almost worthless and people can afford little possessions. Because of the situation there are many people moving from place to place to find work. This means they are never in one place long enough to form any relationships, so this is a very lonely existence: â€Å"Guys likeRead MoreAnalysis Of Mice And Men 1390 Words   |  6 Pagesdespondent characters who are sick of their provincial lives. Loneliness is the feeling of isolation and no hope or dreams in your life-which is what Steinbeck achieves by portraying this theme effectively through key fictional characters in Of Mice and Men. By living in the town of ‘Soledad’ (Spanish for loneliness), the audience gets an overwhelming sense of the depressing environment that the migrant farmers are living through by their repetitive lifestyle and the consequences they face throughRead MoreOmam Essay Questions2412 Words   |  10 PagesWhat do Steinbeck’s first description of George and Lennie tell us about their characters? Discuss this in the regards to the role/relationship of Itinerant workers in the 1930’s Great Depression: In the 1930’s itinerant workers were migrant workers who travelled from land to land to find jobs, any occupation available to allow them to fend for themselves and survive in the disastrous world, they were living in at the time. We know George and Lennie are migrant workers due to the period of time

Monopolistic Competition - Oligopoly And Monopoly In Australia

Question: Discuss about theMonopoly, Oligopoly and Monopoly Competition in Australia. Answer: Introduction In a contemporary business environment of the Australian market, Monopoly, Oligopoly and Monopolistic competitive market structure can be found in significant business industries. The study of different market structures can identify the operations management of the organisations. The article has reflected the monopolistic market operations of Australia Post and the impact of the same on SMEs. Through the identification of the strategic moves of Australia Post, the current position of other SMEs and start-up businesses in the Australian postal industry can be determined in the study paper. Furthermore, for significant knowledge of different market structure, a brief discussion of the three identified market structures in Australia has been presented in the paper for further consideration (Kehoe, 2016). Along with that, the anti-competitive tactics of the monopolistic business structure of Australia Post has been described in the article of Broede Carmody to notify the business concep ts of such firms (Carmody, 2015). Another article has been selected to discuss the future of oligopoly market structure in Australia. Understandably, an increase in modern corporate rivalry has been contributed to the breakdown of oligopoly market structure in the country. Therefore, aggressive competition can be seen in the oligopolistic competitive market to become the frontrunner. Moreover, many organisations operating within the oligopolistic market structure have forced to compete in the market. Different Types of Market in Australia Considering the chosen articles, it can be seen that different types of market exists in Australia. The markets are differentiated on the basis of the power of the seller and the price mechanism that derives the demand and supply in the market (Dasgupta Ushio, 2011). Furthermore, it has been found that all types of the market such as monopoly, oligopoly as well as monopolistic competition exist in the Australian economy. Monopoly Market Considering the monopoly characteristics, it can be seen that Australia Post act as a monopoly business in the Australian market. It does not allow any private postal company to deliver parcels to the government post offices and controls the expansion of private postal companies in the economy. According to Carmody (2015), the Australian Post hurts the small businesses in the market by not allowing them to trade freely in the market (Carmody, 2015). Hence, the power of price and control over the market supports Australia Post to rule the industry. Not only the Australia Post acts as a monopoly business in the Australia market, but also the Railway service and Water Service of the Australian government are considered as leaders in the monopoly market (May, 2015). The Commonwealth Government is the sole authority to decide the price of services because of no other competitors in the market. The customers are bound to buy these services because they are the necessity of human life that cannot be substituted by other services (Mankiw, 2016). Hence, the existence of monopoly can be evident from the article as well as in the real life scenario of the Australian market. These monopoly leaders do not allow other business owners to enter those service industries in which they rule (Misiolek, 2010). Oligopoly Market The analysis shows that Australia has been a great market for Oligopoly businesses. An oligopoly business avoids price wars and tends to adopt similar prices for similar products. Some of the examples of Oligopoly businesses in Australia are Kelloggs, Coca-Cola, Dulux, Carlton United, Bridgestone, Dunlop and Hoyts. It is important to note that, when prices are raised, all firms do it together to avoid price wars and immense rate of competition (Eldor Zilcha, 2010). In the year 1995, the government of Australia introduced the Trade Practises Act that safeguards the customers from unjustified practices of the oligopoly businesses (Carmody, 2015). Along with that, the law helped to maintain a balance in the market to reduce the level of competition. Considering the current market scenario, it can be seen that Oligopoly in Australia is on a verge of death. The current policies of the government provide free entry to new rivals that increase the competition level in the market (Bose Gupta, 2012). Hence, it leads to a price war to survive and seek success in the Australian market. Hence, it can be seen that Australian market has turned to be a perfectly competitive market in the current business scenario. Monopolistic Competition Market Through the identification of existing Monopoly and Oligopoly market structures in the Australian business industry, an analysis must be presented to understand the current status of the competitive market. In contemporary, challenging circumstances, some of the heavy-weight oligopolistic business firms have forced to adopt competitive market structure due to the massive business rivalry. Airways sector, health industry, financial services, telecommunication services, educational sector, retail industry, and restaurant and food industry have been included within the competitive market structure in Australia (Smith, 2015). Due to the latest technological development and infrastructural growth, each of the companies is struggling for existence. Through the identification of customers satisfaction point, efficient marketing mix, pricing strategies, additional services and marketing approaches have been implemented to create competitive advantage in the market structure. Meanwhile, many oligopolistic firms such as coal and mining corporations, oil and gas companies and unique services providers have been forced to compete. Moreover, massive demands from the huge market clients and digital improvements have created significant challenges for the business operators in the country (McEachern, 2012). After decades of significant profitability margins, many oligopolistic enterprises have to share the market with latest business competitors. As a result of the scenario, customers of Australia have been significantly benefitted as they have selected the best products and services based on research of quality and pricing model offered to them. Conclusion At the end of the discussion, the competitive study on Monopoly, Oligopoly and Monopolistic aggressive market structure, a significant conclusion can be drawn on the performance of the organisations operating in different sectors. For instance, the monopolistic business model of Australia Post has affected the functions of SMEs operating in the industry. As a result, the monopolistic dominance has been retained for Australia Post. On the other hand, the increase in the rivalry in the oligopolistic market has forced the market giants to share the market with new entities. Therefore, new developments have to be ensured within the oligopolistic market structure to control the oligopolistic business status in the massive Australian market. References Bose, A. Gupta, B. (2012). Mixed markets in bilateral monopoly.J Econ,110(2), 141-164. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00712-012-0310-8 Carmody, B. (2015).Australia Post is hurting small businesses with PO Box monopoly, says delivery company Sendle - SmartCompany.SmartCompany. Retrieved August 2016, from https://www.smartcompany.com.au/growth/49035-australia-post-hurting-small-businesses-with-po-box-monopoly-says-delivery-company-sendle/ Dasgupta, P. Ushio, Y. (2011). On the rate of convergence of oligopoly equilibria in large markets.Economics Letters,8(1), 13-17. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(81)90086-0 Eldor, R. Zilcha, I. (2010). Oligopoly, uncertain demand, and forward markets.Journal Of Economics And Business,42(1), 17-26. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-6195(90)90017-7 Kehoe, M. (2016). Quality Uncertainty and Price in Monopoly Markets.The Journal Of Industrial Economics,44(1), 25. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2950558 Mankiw, N. (2016).Principles of microeconomics. Australia: Thomson Nelson. May, D. (2015). Export instability when international agricultural markets operate under oligopoly.International Journal Of Trade And Global Markets,8(2), 142. https://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtgm.2015.069424 McEachern, W. (2012).Microeconomic principles. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning. Misiolek, W. (2010). Effluent taxation in monopoly markets.Journal Of Environmental Economics And Management,7(2), 103-107. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(80)90012-1 Smith, M. (2015).The death of the oligopoly: Australia's incumbents face new rivals.Financial Review. Retrieved August 2016, from https://www.afr.com/brand/chanticleer/the-death-of-the-oligopoly-australias-incumbents-face-new-rivals-20150421-1mq11b

Tourettes Syndrome Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis, Tourette Syndrome

Tourette's Syndrome What Makes Them Tic? Tourette's syndrome is a neurological disorder, which involves involuntary body movements or Tics. There are two types of Tics, motor/physical and vocal. This paper will cover many aspects of Tourette's syndrome; including the history of the disease, the discovered of the disease, the genetics involved with the disorder, the diagnosis of the disease, and the effects of the disease on families. George Gils de la Tourette's a French doctor and biologist discovered Tourette's syndrome in 1885 (Landau 21). He was observing patients with unexplained repetitive movements and could not find any preexisting condition that would cause these symptoms. After extensive research he concluded that this disorder had not been documented before, so he named it Tourette's syndrome, after himself. Tourettes syndrome is a neurological disorder; it is inherited from a parents dominant gene, causing different symptoms among different family members. It is not known on which chromosome the disease is located. There is a 50% chance that one will pass this trait on to his/her offspring with each pregnancy (Shimberg 64). There is no prenatal testing that can be done before a child is born to determine if the child has the disease. Unlike other genetic disorders or disease Tourette's is not in the blood. Therefore testing will not give any indication of whether or not a child will develop Tourette's. Cases of the disease show males are burden with the disease three to four times more often then females. There is a 15% chance that the disorder will evolve during childhood. Both motor and vocal tics become less frequent with age but unfortunately will never Thursfield 2 disappear. The U.S. Medical Survey estimates that 100,000 people have full blown Tourette's syndrome, and there are up to 300,0000 have minor undiagnosed cases. Tourette's Syndrome causes an individual to lose control of body movement resulting in repetitive actions and verbalizations. These involuntary movements are called tics. There are two kinds of tics, motor/physical and vocal. Motor tics can be simple or complex in appearance. Simple motor tics are abrupt, sudden, and brief movements, occurring in a single or isolated manner. Examples of simple motor tics include eye blinking, head jerking, shoulder shrugging and facial grimacing. Complex tics are distinct, coordinated patterns of sequential movements. Examples of complex tics include such acts as touching the nose, touching other people, smelling objects, jumping, copropraxia (obscene gestures), and echopraxia (mimicking movements preformed by others), head shaking associated with shoulder shrugging, and repetitive kicking of the legs (Shimber 25). Complex physical tics among Tourettes patients are uncommon and only found among a small population. Motor tics usually recur in the same part of the body, and multiple regions of the body can be involved. The expressions of the tics are not necessarily identical from occurrence to occurrence, even within the same body part. Tics often recede from one part of the body and evolve elsewhere. Vocal or phonic tics are caused by air moving through the mouth, nose, or throat. Vocal tics can be subdivided into simple and complex. Simple vocal tics include sounds, groans, grunting, hissing, gurgling, gasping, belching, screaming, snorting, shouting, puffing and other mouth noises. Complex vocal tics consist of uttering words or phrases out of context and coprolalia (vocalizing socially unacceptable words). Thursfield 3 There are several associated behaviors in addition to the tics that Tourettes patients suffer from. One of the most common disorders is Attention Deficit Disorder with or without Hyperactivity (ADD or ADHD). Symptoms of ADD may include: difficulty with concentration, falling to finish what is started, not listening, and often acting before thinking (Shimberg 74). Tourettes patients may also suffer from obsession and or exhibit sleeping disorders. Obsession consists of repetitive unwanted or bothersome thoughts. Those patients that suffer from sleeping disorders may frequently walk or talk in his/her sleep. A typical case of Tourettes syndrome is hard to define because the symptoms fall within a wild spectrum from mild to sever. Observing symptoms and evaluating one who exhibits characteristics of Tourettes syndrome is the only way to make a diagnosis. Since, this is a neurological disorder there are no x rays, scans, blood or neurological test that can be preformed to determine if this is the condition that